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Once you guys gave me a clue, I (drastic solution here:) checked the owner's manual. hellshotrod is right, it's to adjust the shoulder height of the rear seatbelts for comfort, like for kids. It's called a Rear Safety Belt Comfort Guide, and in the manual for the 2010 HHR, it's on page 2-31.
And whaddayaknow, there are adjusters for the front shoulder belts, too!
Finally, pics of both cars. Now I'm going to take a break for a while, and enjoy NOT needing to think about the DMV and salvage titles. I'll ponder what do do next, that would be FUN.
Maybe an "oogah" horn?
Thanks again, everyone who tossed out comments, thoughts, and ideas. This forum is AMAZING.
(And the front right corner of the Silver is the one that got taken all apart - needed new headlight, liner, etc.. Looks fine!)
On the back of the rear seat, on each side nearest the door, are small rectangular holes about 3/4" x 2". Nearby, on the interior paneling, are short black elastic cords with some sort of bracket on the end. The brackets look like they should go in the holes, but they're too big, and I don't know what purpose they'd serve anyway.
What do they do, anyway?
The holes are where the seat latches to the lock when they are raised.
The clip dealie is a "leash" for the seatbelt, I believe (never used them.)